(Which of the following statements refers to a typical advantage of test automation?)

• A. Automated tests can allow defects to be detected earlier than manual tests because their execution times can be shorter
• B. Artificial intelligence can be used to help identify redundant tests within large, long-running automated regression test suites
• C. Automated tests can determine whether actual results match expected results, even for non-machine- interpretable results
• D. On average, automated tests written at the API level are likely to run faster than automated tests written at the UI level

You have been tasked with adding the execution of build verification tests to the current CI/CD pipeline used in an Agile project. The goal of these tests is to verify the stability of daily builds and ensure that the most recent changes have not altered core functionality. Currently, the first activity performed as part of this pipeline is the static source code analysis. Which of the following stages in the pipeline would you add the execution of these smoke tests to?

• A. As a first activity, before performing static source code analysis and before generating the new build
• B. As a final activity, immediately before releasing the new build into production
• C. After performing static analysis on the source code and before generating the new build
• D. After deploying the new build to the test environment and before performing more extensive testing

An automated test script makes a well-formed request to a REST API in the backend of a web app to add a single item for a product (with ID = 710) to the cart and expects a response confirming that the product is successfully added. The status line of the API response is HTTP/1.1 200 OK, while the response body indicates that the product is out of stock. The API response is correct, the test script fails but completes, and the message to log is: The product with ID = 710 is out of stock. Cart not updated. When this occurs, you are already aware that both the failed test and the API are behaving correctly and that the problem is in the test data. The TAS supports the following test logging levels: FATAL, ERROR, WARN, INFO, DEBUG. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate test logging level to use to log the specified message?

• A. DEBUG
• B. FATAL
• C. INFO
• D. WARN

Which of the following statements about the relationship between TAA, TAS and TAF is true?

• A. A TAS can be used to implement a TAF, which is an implementation of a TAA
• B. A TAF can be used to implement a TAA, which is an implementation of a TAS
• C. A TAF can be used to implement a TAS, which is an implementation of a TAA
• D. A TAS can be used to implement a TAA, which is an implementation of a TAF

Automated tests run by a TAS on a SUT can be subject to sudden bursts of messages to log during their execution. All log messages that occur during execution must be permanently stored in the corresponding test execution logs by the TAS for later analysis. If logging is not performed correctly, these bursts can reduce the execution speed of these automated tests, causing them to produce unreliable results. Which of the following solutions would you expect to be MOST useful to address this issue for TAS logging?

• A. Use a Network Time Protocol (NTP) server to ensure that the clocks of the machines running TAS and SUT are synchronized with a common time source
• B. Avoid logging the messages that occur during the specified bursts to minimize any potential performance overhead in test execution
• C. Log all the messages in memory using a circular buffer and periodically flush the buffer to the corresponding log files associated with the specific execution
• D. Log all the messages directly on the corresponding log files associated with the specific execution to ensure the permanent storage of test execution logs